The Satipatthāna Sutta can be found in two forms:
Majjhima Nikaya 10 (MN 10), &
Digha Nikaya 22 (DN 22)
Digha Nikaya 22 (DN 22)
There are also, I believe, versions in the Chinese āgama:
Madhyama Āgama No. 26 &
Ekottarika Āgama 12.1
Ekottarika Āgama 12.1
The term satipaṭṭhāna is a compound of sati, (mindfulness) and either paṭṭhāna, (foundation) or upaṭṭhāna, (presence). The compound term could thus be interpreted as sati-paṭṭhāna ("foundation of mindfulness" : preferred by Buddhaghosa's commentary) or sati-upaṭṭhāna, "presence of mindfulness". According to Anālayo, "presence of mindfulness," is a more etymologically correct (cf. smṛty-upasthāna in BHS).
Upaṭṭhāna is derived from the verb upaṭṭhāti (itself a variant of upatiṭṭhati), and literally means standing near, and by extension, attending on, serving. The word sati is a feminine action noun derived from the past participle of sarati the basic meaning of which is to remember. It is cognate with Vedic smṛti：memory, recognition, witness. Both the Sanskrit root smṛ and the term smṛti predate Buddhism. In the Ṛgveda, smṛ means to remember or thinking of, calling to mind & possibly 'to pay attention to'.
Anālayo has also written a detailed commentary to the satippatthāna sutta and I follow his general heading layout. Also see, A discussion on the Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutta by Bhante Sujato
Please note, my following attempt at translation is for illustration and as such it is very literal and endeavours to remain true to the underlying grammar. And I haven't rendered much of the repetition.
Here is a brief Contents list for quick navigation:
Vedana & Citta sections of satipatthana sutta to be continues here...
Format of this translation
The format of the translation below is as follows, for each word:- Satipatthāna Sutta text in Pali
- (class) Case, number, gender or person, number, tense [if a verb]
- Dictionary definition
- Translation
(class)
|
Case / person.
|
Number
|
gender / tense
|
intg = interrogative pronoun
dem = demonstrative pronoun
indef = indefinite pronoun
rel = relative pronoun
poss = possessive pronoun
pers = personal pronoun
pn = proper name
ind = indeclinable
adv = adverb
pa = possessive adjective
pp = past participle
prp = present participle
abs = gerund/absolutive
|
N = Nominative
V = Vocative
A = Accusative
D = Dative
G = Genitive
I = Instrumental
Ab = Ablative
L = Locative
|
s = single
p = plural
|
m = masculine
n = neuter
f = feminine
|
v: = verb
vb = verbal |
3 rd = 3 rd person etc.
|
pi = present indicative
pass = passive
aor = aorist, [past]
fut = future
caus = causative
|
PED = Pali English Dictionary
(.) = implied from case/gender/person
[.] = my own addition
lit. = literally
fig. = figuratively.
Scholarly translations
For a comparison see other translations.
http://obo.genaud.net/backmatter/indexes/idx_satipatthana_resources.htm
https://www.buddha-vacana.org/sutta/digha/dn22.html
https://tipitaka.fandom.com/wiki/Maha-satipatthana_Sutta <
https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Texts-and-Translations/Satipatthana/Satipatthana.pdf
https://suttacentral.net/dn22/en/sujato
https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/soma/wayof.html
https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanasatta/wheel019.html
For Dictionary Look-up try
http://dictionary.sutta.org/
http://obo.genaud.net/backmatter/indexes/idx_satipatthana_resources.htm
https://www.buddha-vacana.org/sutta/digha/dn22.html
https://tipitaka.fandom.com/wiki/Maha-satipatthana_Sutta <
https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Texts-and-Translations/Satipatthana/Satipatthana.pdf
https://suttacentral.net/dn22/en/sujato
https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/soma/wayof.html
https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanasatta/wheel019.html
For Dictionary Look-up try
http://dictionary.sutta.org/
Selected translations
evaṃ
|
me
|
sutaṃ
|
adv
|
poss D/G/I s 1 st
|
pp N/A s n
|
thus
|
my/mine, by me
|
heard
|
thus, (it was) heard by me
|
||
ekaṃ
|
samayaṃ 1
|
bhagavā
|
kurūsu
|
viharati
|
A s m/n/f
|
A s m
|
N s m
|
pn L s m
|
v 3 rd s pi
|
one
|
occasion
|
blessed one
|
(in) Kuru
|
(he) abides
|
(at) one occasion, the blessed one abides in Kuru 2 country,
|
||||
1 Acc acting as adverb of time
Notice description moves from general to specific place
1 aor plural of paṭissuṇāti : to assent, promise, agree; fig. they responded
2 can also be taken as plural 'amongst the Kurus'
kammāsadhammaṃ
|
nāma
|
kurūnaṃ
|
nigamo
|
pn A s m
|
adv
|
pn G p m
|
N s m
|
(at) Kammāsadamma
|
by name
|
(of) the Kurus
|
a market town
|
at a market town of the Kurus named Kammãsadhamma
|
|||
tatra
|
kho
|
bhagavā
|
bhikkhū
|
āmantesi
|
bhikkhavo ti.
|
adv
|
adv
|
N s m
|
N/A pl m
|
v 3 rd /2 nd s aor
|
V p m
|
there
|
indeed
|
blessed one
|
monks
|
(he) addressed
|
monks
|
there, the blessed one addressed the monks:
|
'Monks'
|
||||
bhadante ti
|
te
|
bhikkhū
|
bhagavato
|
paccassosuṃ 1 .
|
V s m
|
N/A/D/G/I p m
|
N/A p m
|
D s m/n
|
v 3 rd p aor
|
venerable sir
|
they/them/those
|
monks
|
(to) the blessed one
|
(they) responded
|
'Venerable Sir',
|
those monks, to the blessed one they responded
|
|||
bhagavā
|
etad+avoca
|
N s m
|
A s, v 3 rd s
|
blessed one
|
this, he said
|
the blessed one, this he said:
|
|
The Direct Path
ekāyano 1
|
ayaṃ
|
bhikkhave
|
maggo
|
sattānaṃ
|
visuddhiyā 2
|
adj N s m
|
N s m/f
|
V p m
|
N s m
|
D/G p m
|
I/D/G/Ab/L s f
|
singular goal
|
this
|
monks
|
path, way
|
to/of beings
|
splendour, purity
|
This one-going path, O monks, for the brightening of beings
|
|||||
1 eka+ayana lit. one-going. In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, "ekayāna" is a metaphor for a spiritual journey. Its use in the pali nikaya also implies an inevitable endpoint rather than a sense of exclusive, unique method.
soka+pariddavānaṃ
|
sam+atikkamāya
|
dukkha+domanassānaṃ
|
atthaṅ+gamāya 1
|
D/G p m
|
D s m
|
D/G p n
|
D s m
|
for grief, wailing
|
for total passing beyond
|
for pain unhappiness
|
for setting
|
For totally passing beyond wailing & grief, for the laying to rest of distresses & discontents
|
|||
ñāyassa 1
|
adhigamāya ,
|
nibbānassa
|
sacchi 2 +kiriyāya,
|
D/G s m
|
D s m
|
D/G s n
|
I/D/Ab/G/L s f
|
for principle
|
for attainment
|
of exhaustion
|
to experience for oneself
|
For attaining the principle, For witnessing the truth of Nibbāna
|
|||
And what noble principle [ñāyo ] by insight is well seen, well penetrated
Here, the master of the house, the noble student, thoroughly investigates down to the initial genesis [yoniso-manasi-karoti] the basis for arising [paṭiccasamuppāda] just so,
thus, this being, [then] this is; this occurs, this arises; thus, this not being, this is not; this expires, this dissipates.
Here, the master of the house, the noble student, thoroughly investigates down to the initial genesis [yoniso-manasi-karoti] the basis for arising [paṭiccasamuppāda] just so,
thus, this being, [then] this is; this occurs, this arises; thus, this not being, this is not; this expires, this dissipates.
2 sa (one’s own) + acchi (eye); with one’s own eyes
yad+idaṃ
|
cattāro
|
sati 1 +upaṭṭhānā 2
|
ind
|
N p m
|
Ab s n
|
which, this [namely]
|
four
|
attendance to witnessing
|
That is the four attendances to witnessing.
|
||
1 from Vedic smṛti： memory, recognition, witness; the Sankrit root smṛ and the term smṛti predate Buddhism. In the ancient Ṛgveda, smṛ means "to remember" or "to keep in mind." & possibly 'to pay attention'
Definition
katame
|
cattāro
|
intg N p m
|
N p m
|
Which four?
|
|
idha,
|
bhikkhave,
|
bhikkhu
|
kāye
|
kāya+anupassī 1
|
viharati,
|
ind
|
V p m
|
N s m
|
L s m
|
prp N s m/n
|
v: 3 rd s
|
here
|
monks
|
a monk
|
in body
|
body observing
|
he abides
|
Right Here, O Monks, a monk dwells in the body, observing the body
|
|||||
1 from anupassin, a verbal adjective similar to a present participle. Here, anupassī is not functioning as the main verb which is to dwell/abide, but as an adjective used to modify another noun. The word combined with anupassī is the characteristic that is contemplated (the body), and the word in the locative case is the domain within which the aspect is contemplated. According to Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi , strictly speaking, kāyānupassī does not actually mean "contemplating the body," but a "body-contemplator." Thus a literal translation of the phrase would be: "He dwells in the body as a body-contemplator." – Though this seems to be wrong . The -in suffix can be added to nouns or adjectives, in which case it is possessive; or to verbal roots, in which case it forms verbal adjectives similar to present participles. Ānandajoti Bhikkhu states:
anupassī nominative from anupassin. The suffix -in here is identical in form, but distinct from, the possessive suffix -in (seen, for instance, in ātāpī which follows on the next line, meaning having or possessing ardour), but carries the meaning of a present participle ie. contemplating .
ātāpī 1
|
sampajāno
|
satimā 2 ,
|
vineyya 3
|
loke
|
abhijjhā+domanassaṃ
|
pa Nsm
|
N s m
|
pa N sm
|
vb: 3 rd abs
|
L s m
|
N/A s n/f
|
ardent
|
closely knowing
|
watchful
|
(having) removed
|
(in) the world
|
wanting & discontent
|
keen, fully aware, attentive; having removed wanting & discontent [from] his world
|
|||||
1 ātāpin from ātāpeti : glow, heat; ascetic torment, fig. possessing ardour
2 from satimant, possessive adjective : possessing attention
2 from satimant, possessive adjective : possessing attention
3 There's still some controversy over how to interpret the vineyya in "vineyya loke abhijjhadomanassam". It's standard to translate it as "having given up” taking vineyya's absolutive form (vine+iya->vineyya). But could also be taken in an infinitive sense "what one has to do in order to remove"… Ānandajoti Bhikkhu states vineyya is an absolutive (comm: vineyyā ti ... vinayitvā), which is an non-finite verbal form syntactically dependent on a finite verb (here viharati). An absolutive signifies that the action is completed (perfected) in the past before the time of the finite verb.
I note that the early Upanishads often state renunciation is a perquisite to training.
vedanāsu 1
|
vedana+anupassī
|
viharati
|
L p f
|
N s m/n
|
v: 3 rd s
|
in sensations,
affect |
affect observing
|
he abides
|
He dwells in affect, observing affect...
|
||
Repeat of the line above..
citte 1
|
citta+anupassī
|
viharati
|
dhammesu 2
|
dhamma+anupassī
|
viharati
|
|
L s n
|
N s m/n
|
v: 3 rd s
|
L p m
|
N s m/n/f
|
v: 3 rd s
|
|
in mind/heart,
[conation] |
mind observing
|
(he) abides
|
phenomena
|
phenomena observing
|
(he) abides
|
|
He dwells in conation observing conation
... |
He dwells in phenomena observing phenomena
... |
|||||
1 citta translated as conation , the emotive, volitional aspect of mind, that which drives us to activity - motivates
2 dhamma: taken as the technical object of manas, what is known ie. phenomena: objects of perception, all that arises
Repeat of the line above..
The Body
Breathing
kathañ+ca,
|
bhikkhave,
|
bhikkhu
|
kāye
|
kāyānupassī
|
viharati
|
rel. adv
|
V
|
N s m
|
L s m
|
N s m/n
|
v: 3 rd s
|
How, and
|
monks
|
a monk
|
in body
|
body observing
|
(he) abides
|
And how, O Monks, (does) a monk dwell in body, observing the body?
|
|||||
idha
|
bhikkhave
|
bhikkhu
|
arañña+gato 1
|
vā
|
rukkha+mūla+gato
|
vā
|
suñña+agāra+gato
|
vā
|
ind
|
V
|
N s m
|
pp N s m
|
ind
|
pp N s m
|
ind
|
pp N s m
|
ind
|
here
|
monks
|
a monk
|
forest gone
|
or
|
tree base gone
|
or
|
empty house gone
|
or
|
Here, O Monks, a monk, gone to a forest, or gone to a tree root, or gone to an empty house
|
||||||||
1 gata pp of gacchati lit. gone, went. & in compounds can mean 'gone to' ~ 'in a state of'... 'being in'...
1 abs form of the aor. of ābhujati
2 abs of paṇidahati : to apply, direct, intend fig. holding
1 sata pp．of sarati + va here an emphatic and can be rendered ‘just observant', ‘simply observant' or ‘truly observant'
2 seems to be a difference in dictionary definition as to which assasati or passasati means inhale or exhale. I follow PED. Note: in Indian philosophy, the breath, is a vital 'energy' originating in the body; rather than 'air' taken in from outside...
nisīdati,
|
pallaṅkaṃ
|
ābhujitvā 1 ,
|
ujuṃ
|
kāyaṃ
|
paṇidhāya 2 ,
|
v: 3 rd s pi
|
A s m
|
vb abs aor
|
adv
|
A s m
|
vb abs
|
(he) sits down
|
legs folded
|
(having) bent
|
upright
|
body
|
having directed
|
he sits down, having bent & folded legs, having directed the body upright
|
|||||
2 abs of paṇidahati : to apply, direct, intend fig. holding
pari+mukhaṃ 1
|
satiṃ
|
upaṭṭhapetvā 2
|
N/A s n
|
A s f
|
vb 3 rd caus abs
|
around the mouth
|
[mental] focus
|
(having) attend to
|
Having engaged one’s [mental] focus around the mouth
|
||
1 parimukhaṃ usually defined abstractly as ‘in front, or before’. More specifically: pari- is a prefix used to imply 'around, about, all over'; while mukhaṃ is lit. 'mouth', by extension 'face' and figuratively 'entrance' or 'front'. So 'around the mouth, all over the mouth, completely on the mouth, around the face, all over the face' etc. According to Thanissaro Bhikkhu however, in the Vinaya, it is used in a context (Cv.V.27.4) where it undoubtedly means the front of the chest. In Sanskrit pratimukha has many meanings, among which are 'reflection' and 'presence' as well as standing before the face.
2 abs of upaṭṭhapeti the causative of upatiṭṭhati : 'to cause to be waited on, stand close, attend.' lit. 'standing near, to serve'. Also related to upaṭṭhāka, an attendant
so
|
sato+va 1
|
assasati 2 ,
|
satova
|
passasati.
|
N s m
|
N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
he
|
just observant
|
(he) exhales
|
just observant
|
(he) inhales
|
Just observant, he exhales, just observant, he inhales
|
||||
2 seems to be a difference in dictionary definition as to which assasati or passasati means inhale or exhale. I follow PED. Note: in Indian philosophy, the breath, is a vital 'energy' originating in the body; rather than 'air' taken in from outside...
dīghaṃ
|
vā
|
assasanto
|
dīghaṃ 1
|
assasāmī ti
|
pajānāti,
|
N s n (adv)
|
ind
|
prp N s m/n
|
N s n (adv)
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
long
|
or
|
exhaling
|
I exhale long
|
(he) knows
|
|
Breathing out long, he knows ‘I breathe out long’;
|
|||||
dīghaṃ
|
vā
|
passasanto
|
dīghaṃ
|
passasāmī ti
|
pajānāti,
|
N s n (adv)
|
ind
|
prp N s m/n
|
N s n (adv)
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
long
|
or
|
inhaling
|
I inhale long
|
(he) knows
|
|
or breathing in long, he knows ‘I breathe in long’;
|
|||||
rassaṃ
|
vā
|
assasanto
|
rassaṃ
|
assasāmī ti
|
pajānāti,
|
N s n (adv)
|
ind
|
prp N s m/n
|
N s n (adv)
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
short
|
or
|
exhaling
|
I exhale short
|
(he) knows
|
|
or breathing out short, he knows ‘I breathe out short’;
|
|||||
rassaṃ
|
vā
|
passasanto
|
rassaṃ
|
passasāmī ti
|
pajānāti.
|
N s n (adv)
|
ind
|
prp N s m/n
|
N s n (adv)
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
short
|
or
|
inhaling
|
I inhale short
|
(he) knows
|
|
or breathing in short, he knows ‘I breathe in short’;
|
|||||
sabba+kāya+paṭisaṃvedī 1
|
assasissāmī 2 ti
|
sikkhati
|
vb: N s m
|
v: 1st fut
|
v: 3 rd s
|
whole body experiencing
|
I will breathe out
|
(he) practice/trains
|
experiencing the whole body, 'I will breathe out’, he practices [thus]
|
||
...
|
||
experiencing the whole body, 'I will breathe in’, he practices [thus]
|
||
2 future 1 st person of assasati; a vowel proceeded by ‘ti often is lengthened
passambhayaṃ 1
|
kāya+saṅkhāraṃ 2
|
assasissāmī ti
|
sikkhati
|
prp N s
|
A s m
|
v: 1st fut
|
v: 3 rd s
|
quietening
|
bodily activity
|
I will breathe out
|
(he) practice/trains
|
quietening [my] bodily activity, 'I will breathe out’, he practices [thus]
|
|||
...
|
|||
quietening [my] bodily activity, ‘I will breathe in’, he practices [thus]
|
|||
2 According to context, saṅkhāra has different shades of meaning. As defined in MN 44: kāya-, vacī- and citta- saṅkhāra bodily activity = in-and-out-breathing; verbal activity = thought-conception and discursive thinking; mental-activity = feeling and perception
seyyathāpi 1 ,
|
bhikkhave,
|
dakkho
|
bhamakāro
|
vā
|
bhamakāra+antevāsī
|
vā
|
ind
|
V
|
N s m
|
N s m
|
ind
|
N s m
|
ind
|
Just as, though
|
monks
|
skillful
|
a turner
|
or
|
a turner apprentice
|
or
|
Just as though, O monks, a turner or a turner's apprentice
|
||||||
1 beginning of a simile.
dīghaṃ
|
vā
|
añchanto 2
|
dīghaṃ
|
añchāmī ti
|
pajānāti,
|
N s n
(adv) |
ind
|
prp N s m
|
N s n
(adv) |
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
long
|
or
|
turning
|
long
|
(I) turn
|
(he) knows
|
turning long, he knows 'I turn long'
|
|||||
2 prp of añchati : to pull or turn on a lathe
rassaṃ
|
vā
|
añchanto
|
rassaṃ
|
añchāmī ti
|
pajānāti,
|
N s n
(adv) |
ind
|
prp N s m
|
N s n
(adv) |
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
short
|
or
|
turning
|
short
|
(I) turn
|
(he) knows
|
or turning short, he knows 'I turn short'
|
|||||
evam+eva
|
kho,
|
bhikkhave,
|
bhikkhu
|
dīghaṃ
|
vā
|
assasanto
|
dīghaṃ
|
assasāmī ti
|
pajānāti,
|
adv 3
|
ind
|
V
|
N s m
|
N s n
(adv) |
ind
|
prp N s m/n
|
N s n
(adv) |
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
thus so
|
monks
|
a monk
|
long
|
or
|
inhaling
|
I inhale long
|
(he) knows
|
||
So too, O Monks, a monk, breathing in long, he knows ‘I breathe in long’;
|
|||||||||
The Refrain
iti
|
ajjhattaṃ
|
vā
|
kāye
|
kāyānupassī
|
viharati,
|
ind
|
adv
|
ind
|
L s m
|
vb: N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
thus
|
inwardly
|
or
|
(in) body
|
body observing
|
(he) abides
|
Thus, he abides in body observing the body inwardly
|
|||||
bahiddhā 1
|
vā
|
kāye
|
kāyānupassī
|
viharati,
|
adv
|
ind
|
L s m
|
vb: N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
outwardly
|
or
|
(in) body
|
body observing
|
(he) abides
|
or he abides in body observing the body outwardly
|
||||
ajjhatta+bahiddhā
|
vā
|
kāye
|
kāyānupassī
|
viharati,
|
adverb
|
ind
|
L s m
|
vb: N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
inwardly & outwardly
|
or
|
(in) body
|
body observing
|
(he) abides
|
or he abides in body observing the body inwardly & outwardly
|
||||
samudaya+dhamma+ānupassī
|
vā
|
kāyasmiṃ 1
|
viharati
|
vb:
|
ind
|
L s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
arising of phenomena observing
|
or
|
(in) body
|
(he) abides
|
or he dwells in body observing the upspring of phenomena
|
|||
vaya+dhamma+ānupassī
|
vā
|
kāyasmiṃ
|
viharati,
|
vb:
|
ind
|
L s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
decay of phenomena observing
|
or
|
(in) body
|
(he) abides
|
or he dwells in body observing the dissolving of phenomena
|
|||
...
|
|||
or he dwells in body observing the upspring and dissolving of phenomena
|
|||
atthi
|
kāyo ti
|
vā
|
panassa 1
|
sati
|
paccupaṭṭhitā 2
|
hoti.
|
N s m
|
ind
|
N s f
|
pp. N s f
|
v:3rd
|
||
is
|
body
|
or
|
but his
|
focus
|
stood up before
|
is
|
Or else, ‘the body is’ is stood up before his [mental] focus
|
||||||
2 = paṭi+upaṭṭhitā = pp. of paccupaññhàti : to stand up before; 'to face'
yāva+d+eva 1
|
ñāṇa+mattāya 2
|
patissati 3 +mattāya
|
ind
|
pp D
|
pp D
|
just as far
|
(for) a measure of insight
|
(for) a measure of the alighted witness
|
only so far as is sufficient for insight & attending.
|
||
2 dative of matta = pp of majjati : a measure, the size of. Skt. mātra : the full or simple measure of anything, the one thing and no more; or possessing (only) as much as or no more than : sufficient
3 usually rendered synonymous with sati. pati- as a prefix means against or towards. But could also be aor of patati to fall on or alight on.
a+nissito 1
|
ca
|
viharati.
|
pp N s m
|
ind
|
v: 3 rd s
|
independent,
unsupported |
and
|
(he) abides
|
he abides unsupported,
|
||
na
|
ca
|
kiñci
|
loke
|
upādiyati 1 .
|
indef
|
L,s,m
|
v 3 rd s
|
||
not
|
and
|
anything
|
in world
|
taking up
|
and not taking up anything in the [phenomenal] world
{ and taking up nothing in the [phenomenal] world } |
||||
evam+pi
|
kho,
|
bhikkhave,
|
bhikkhu
|
kāye
|
kāyānupassī
|
viharati.
|
ind
|
ind
|
V
|
N s m
|
L s m
|
vb: N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
thus so
|
indeed
|
O monks
|
a monk
|
(in) body
|
body observing
|
(he) abides
|
Just so, O monk, a monk abides in body observing body
|
||||||
Refrain Ends
Postures
puna
|
ca
|
paraṃ
|
bhikkhave
|
bhikkhu
|
gacchanto
|
vā
|
gacchāmī ti
|
pajānāti
|
ind
|
ind
|
adv
|
V
|
N s m
|
prp N s m
|
ind
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
again
|
and
|
further
|
monks
|
a monk
|
going
|
or
|
I go
|
(he) knows
|
Moreover, O monks, a monk walking, he knows ‘I walk’
|
||||||||
ṭhito
|
vā
|
ṭhito+amhī ti
|
pajānāti.
|
nisinno
|
vā
|
nisinno+amhī ti
|
pajānāti.
|
pp N s m
|
ind
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
pp N s m
|
ind
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
stood
|
or
|
I am stood
|
(he) knows
|
seated
|
or
|
I am sat
|
(he) knows
|
or stood, he knows ‘I am stood’
|
or seated, he knows ‘I am seated’
|
||||||
sayāno
|
vā
|
sayāno+amhī ti
|
pajānāti.
|
prp N s m
|
ind
|
v: 1 st s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
lying down
|
or
|
I am lying down
|
(he) knows
|
or lying down, he knows ‘I am lying down’ 1
|
|||
yathā yathā 1
|
vā
|
panassa
|
kāyo
|
paṇihito 2
|
hoti
|
tathā tathā
|
naṃ
|
pajānāti.
|
adv
|
ind
|
N s m
|
pp. N s m
|
v:3rd
|
adv
|
A s
|
v: 3 rd s
|
|
like like
|
or
|
but, of this/his
|
body
|
applied, directed
|
is
|
so, so
|
this
|
(he) knows
|
or else however his body is applied, likewise this he knows
|
||||||||
1 The duplication of the adverb gives it a distributive sense, like+like = in whatever way.
2 pp. of paṇidahati : to apply, direct, intend
Repeat of Refrain
Activities
puna
|
ca
|
paraṃ
|
bhikkhave
|
bhikkhu
|
abhikkante 1
|
paṭikkante 2
|
sampajāna+kārī 3
|
hoti
|
ind
|
ind
|
adv
|
V
|
N s m
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
N s m
|
v:3 rd
|
again
|
and
|
further
|
monks
|
a monk
|
(in) gone forwards
|
gone back
|
close knowing,
a doer of |
is
|
Furthermore, O monks, a monk when gone forwards, when gone back 4 , he is a close-knower
|
||||||||
1 L of pp. of abhikkamati, here Locative in time, 'when gone forwards' see also note 4
2 L of pp. of pañikkamati
3 : acting; compounds ending with derivatives of kar, ‘to do’, can form 'agent nouns', a doer of...
4 all the following clauses display a possible locative absolute construction. They always involves a participle and a noun, pronoun or phrase all in the same case, gender & number. The distinguishing feature is that the agent of the participle is non-specific or different from the agent of the main clause. The clause then looses its normal case based meaning and often takes on the sense of 'despite of...' or simply 'when...'
4 all the following clauses display a possible locative absolute construction. They always involves a participle and a noun, pronoun or phrase all in the same case, gender & number. The distinguishing feature is that the agent of the participle is non-specific or different from the agent of the main clause. The clause then looses its normal case based meaning and often takes on the sense of 'despite of...' or simply 'when...'
ālokite 1
|
vilokite 2
|
sampajānakārī
|
hoti.
|
sammiñjite 3
|
pasārite 4
|
sampajānakārī
|
hoti.
|
pp L s m
|
pp L sm
|
ag N s m
|
v: 3 rd
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
ag N s m
|
v:3 rd
|
looking
forwards |
looking
behind |
close-knower
|
is
|
bent back
|
stretched out
|
close-knower
|
is
|
when looking ahead [or] behind
he is a close-knower |
when bent [or] stretched out
he is a close-knower |
||||||
1 L of pp of āloketi : looking forward
2 L of pp of viloketi : looking back
3 L of pp of sammiñjati : bent back
4 L of pp of pasāreti : stretched out
saṅghāṭi+patta+cīvara+dhāraṇe 1
|
sampajānakārī
|
hoti.
|
pp L s m
|
ag N s m
|
v: 3 rd
|
(in) outer robe + alms bowl + robes + maintaining
|
close-knower
|
is
|
when maintaining his robes and alms-bowl he is a close-knower
|
||
| asite 1 |
pīte 2
|
khāyite 3
|
sāyite 4
|
sampajānakārī
|
hoti.
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
pp L sm
|
pp L sm
|
ag N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
(in) having eaten
|
having drunk
|
chewed
|
tasted
|
close-knower
|
is
|
when having eaten, drunk, consumed & savoured, he is a close-knower
|
|||||
2 L pp. of pivati : having drunk
3 variant khādita ; L pp of khādati : chewed; fig. consumed
4 L pp. of sāyati : savoured
uccāra+passāva+kamme
|
sampajānakārī
|
hoti.
|
ag N s m
|
v: 3 rd
|
|
(in) feaces+urine+doing
|
close-knower
|
is
|
in defecating & urinating, he is a close-knower
|
||
gate
|
ṭhite
|
nisinne
|
sutte
|
jāgarite
|
bhāsite
|
tuṇhībhāve
|
sampajānakārī
|
hoti.
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
pp L s m
|
L s m
|
ag N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
(in) gone
|
stood
|
seated
|
dormant
|
awake
|
spoke
|
being silent
|
close-knower
|
is
|
when 1 in motion, stood, seated, dormant, awake, speaking, being silent, he is a close-knower
|
||||||||
1 again a possible locative absolute construction. They always involves a participle and a noun, pronoun or phrase all in the same case, gender & number. The distinguishing feature is that the agent of the participle is non-specific or different from the agent of the main clause. The clause then looses its normal case based meaning and often takes on the sense of 'despite of...' or simply 'when...'
Repeat of Refrain
Anatomical Parts
puna
|
ca
|
paraṃ
|
bhikkhave
|
ind
|
ind
|
adv
|
V
|
again
|
and
|
further
|
monks
|
Furthermore, O monks,
|
|||
bhikkhu
|
ima+m+eva
|
kāyaṃ
|
uddhaṃ
|
pādatalā
|
adho
|
kesa+matthakā
|
N s m
|
ind
|
A s m
|
adv
|
Ab s n
|
adv
|
Ab s m
|
a monk
|
this very body
|
above, raise
|
(from) the sole of the foot
|
under, below
|
(from) the hair at the top of the head
|
|
| a monk, raising from the sole of the foot [and] down from the hair at the top of the head, | ||||||
taca+pariyantaṃ
|
pūraṃ
|
nānappakārassa
|
asucino
|
paccavekkhati
|
A s m
|
A s m
|
G s m
|
G s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
limit of the skin/hide
|
full
|
of many kinds
|
impure/dirt
|
looks upon
|
looks upon this very body [as] full of many kinds of dirt, enclosed by skin
|
||||
atthi
|
imasmiṃ
|
kāye
|
kesā
|
lomā 1
|
nakhā
|
dantā
|
taco
|
maṃsaṃ
|
nahāru
|
v: 3 rd s
|
dem L s
|
L s m
|
N p m
|
N p n
|
N p m
|
N p n
|
N sm
|
N s n
|
N s m
|
there is
|
(in) this
|
body
|
hairs of
the head |
hairs of
the body |
nails
|
teeth
|
skin
|
flesh
|
muscle
|
There is in this body: the hairs of the head [&] the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, muscle
|
|||||||||
aṭṭhi
|
aṭṭhi+miñjaṃ
|
vakkaṃ
|
hadayaṃ
|
yakanaṃ
|
kilomakaṃ
|
pīhakaṃ
|
papphāsaṃ
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
bone
|
bone marrow
|
kidneys
|
heart
|
liver
|
the pleura
|
spleen
|
lungs
|
antaṃ
|
antaguṇaṃ
|
udariyaṃ
|
karīsaṃ
|
pittaṃ
|
semhaṃ
|
pubbo
|
lohitaṃ
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s n
|
N s m
|
N s n
|
colon
|
intestinal tract
|
stomach
|
faeces
|
bile
|
phlegm
|
pus
|
blood
|
sedo
|
medo
|
assu
|
vasā
|
kheḷo
|
siṅghāṇikā
|
lasikā
|
muttan ti.
|
N s m
|
N s m
|
N s n
|
N s f
|
N s m
|
N s f
|
N s f
|
N s n
|
sweat
|
lymph
|
tears
|
fat
|
saliva
|
snot
|
synovial fluid
|
urine
|
seyyathāpi
|
bhikkhave
|
ubhato+mukhā
|
mutolī 1
|
pūrā
|
nānāvihitassa
|
dhaññassa
|
ind
|
V
|
Ab s m
|
Ab s m
|
G s m
|
G s n
|
|
just as though
|
O monks
|
double mouthed
|
provision-bag
|
(from) full
|
(of) various
|
grains,
|
Just as though, O Monks, from a double mouthed provision-bag full of various grains
|
||||||
tam+enaṃ
|
cakkhumā
|
puriso
|
muñcitvā
|
paccavekkheyya:
|
pa: N s m
|
N s m
|
vb: abs
|
v: 3 rd s opt
|
|
he/it, this
|
having eyes
|
a man
|
(having) loosed
|
(were) to look upon
|
[and] this man endowed with eyes, having loosed, were to investigate it [so]
|
||||
ime
|
sālī
|
ime
|
vīhī
|
ime
|
muggā
|
dem N p
|
N p m
|
dem N p
|
N p m
|
dem N p
|
N p m
|
these
|
fine rices
|
these
|
paddy rices
|
these
|
peas
|
these (are) fine rices, these (are) paddy rices, these (are) peas
|
|||||
Nominative copulas
ime
|
māsā
|
ime
|
tilā
|
ime
|
taṇḍulā ti
|
dem N p
|
N p m
|
dem N p
|
N p m
|
dem N p
|
N p n
|
these
|
beans
|
these
|
sesame seeds
|
these
|
husked rice
|
these (are) beans, these (are) sesame seeds, these (are) husked rices
|
|||||
Repeat of section start...
Repeat of Refrain Elements
puna
|
ca
|
paraṃ
|
bhikkhave
|
ind
|
ind
|
adv
|
V
|
again
|
and
|
further
|
monks
|
Furthermore, O monks,
|
|||
bhikkhu
|
imameva
|
kāyaṃ
|
yathā+ṭhitaṃ
|
yathā+paṇihitaṃ
|
dhātu+so 1
|
paccavekkhati:
|
N s m
|
ind
|
A s m
|
A s
|
A s
|
Ab N s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
A monk
|
this very body
|
however
stood |
however applied, directed
|
(in terms of) nature
|
looks upon
|
|
A monk looks upon this very body however stood or disposed in terms of the constituents:
|
||||||
1 According to Wijesekera’s Syntax (§133 c.) the -so ending in dhātuso is an old adverbial form meaning ' in terms of...'
atthi
|
imasmiṃ
|
kāye
|
paṭhavī+dhātu 1
|
āpo+dhātu 2
|
tejo+dhātu 3
|
vāyo+dhātūti 4
|
v: 3 rd s
|
dem L s
|
L s m
|
N s f
|
N s f
|
N s f
|
N s f
|
there is
|
(in) this
|
body
|
earth constituent
|
water constituent
|
heat constituent
|
wind constituent
|
there is in this body:
|
the earth constituent, water constituent, heat constituent [&] wind constituent
|
|||||
2 MN140 as above but: Whatever is inside, in oneself, that is liquid or has become liquid, and is identified with…
3 MN140 as above but: Whatever is inside, in oneself, that is hot or has become heated, and is identified with.. that by which one is heated/irritated, by which one digests/grows old, by which one is burnt, by which, what is eaten, drunk, chewed, and tasted, gets thoroughly digested…
4 MN140 as above but: Whatever is inside, in oneself, that is wind or has become wind, and is identified with... winds that go up, winds that go down, winds in the bowels, winds in the belly, winds that go through the limbs, in-breath, out-breath..
seyyathāpi
|
bhikkhave
|
dakkho
|
goghātako
|
vā
|
goghātako+antevāsī
|
vā
|
ind
|
V
|
N s m
|
N s m
|
ind
|
ind
|
|
Just as, though
|
O monks
|
skilled
|
butcher
|
or
|
butcher's apprentice
|
or
|
Just as, though, O monks,
|
a skilled butcher or butcher's apprentice,
|
|||||
gāviṃ
|
vadhitvā
|
cātu+mahāpathe
|
bilaso
|
vibhajitvā
|
nisinno
|
assa,
|
A s f
|
vb: abs
|
L s m
|
adv
|
vb: abs
|
pp N s m
|
v: 3 rd s opt
|
a cow
|
(having) killed
|
(at) four great roads,
|
in portions
|
(having) dismember
|
sat down
|
(he) may
|
having killed a cow were to sit down at a meeting of four great ways 1 [&] butcher it into portions
|
||||||
Even so O monks... Repeat of section start...
Corpse in Decay
puna
|
ca
|
paraṃ
|
bhikkhave
|
ind
|
ind
|
adv
|
V
|
again
|
and
|
further
|
monks
|
Furthermore, O monks,
|
|||
bhikkhu
|
seyyathāpi
|
passeyya
|
sarīraṃ 1
|
sīvathikāya
|
chaḍḍitaṃ
|
N s m
|
ind
|
v: 3 rd s opt
|
A s n
|
I/D/Ab/G/L s f
|
pp A s
|
a monk
|
just as though
|
may see
|
a corpse
|
charnel ground
|
thrown out
|
just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in charnel ground
|
|||||
1 from Vedic śarīra : the physical body, lit sheath, covering
ekāha+mataṃ
|
vā
|
dvīhamataṃ
|
vā
|
tīhamataṃ
|
vā
|
A s n
|
ind
|
A s n
|
ind
|
A s n
|
ind
|
one day dead
|
or
|
two days dead
|
or
|
three days dead
|
uddhumātakaṃ
|
vinīlakaṃ
|
vipubbaka+jātaṃ,
|
A s
|
A
|
A s n
|
bloated
|
blue coloured
|
turning to pus
|
so
|
imameva
|
kāyaṃ
|
upasaṃharati
|
per N s m
|
ind
|
A s m
|
v: 3 rd s
|
he
|
this very
|
body
|
focuses
|
He focuses on this very body
|
|||
ayam+pi
|
kho
|
kāyo
|
evaṃ+dhammo
|
evam+bhāvī 1
|
evam+anatīto 2 ti.
|
ind
|
ind
|
N s m
|
adv + N s m
|
adv + N s
|
adv + pp N s
|
even this
|
indeed
|
body
|
just such a nature
|
just such an
inevitability |
in this way not-exempt
|
indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt
|
|||||
2 an+atīto; atīto lit 'to pass by', fig 'the past or passed away'; so negated, not passed by : unsurpassed or maybe exempt
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
kākehi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ 1
|
kulalehi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
gijjhehi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
(by) crows
|
or
|
being eaten
|
(by) hawks
|
or
|
being eaten
|
(by) vultures
|
or
|
being eaten
|
being eaten by crows, by hawks, by vultures,
|
||||||||
kaṅkehi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
sunakhehi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
kaṅkehi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
(by) herons
|
or
|
being eaten
|
(by) dogs
|
or
|
being eaten
|
(by) herons
|
or
|
being eaten
|
dīpīhi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
siṅgālehi
|
vā
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
vividhehi
|
vā
|
pāṇakajātehi
|
khajjamānaṃ
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
I p m
|
ind
|
prp A s pass
|
I p m
|
ind
|
I p m
|
prp A s pass
|
(by) tigers
|
or
|
being eaten
|
(by) jackals
|
or
|
being eaten
|
(by) various
|
or
|
arisen creatures
|
being eaten
|
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of Intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
aṭṭhika+saṅkhalikaṃ
|
sa+maṃsa+lohitaṃ
|
nhāru+sambandhaṃ
|
A s f
|
A s n
|
A s m
|
chain of bones
|
with flesh & blood
|
tied by sinew
|
a chain of bones, with flesh & blood, tied by sinew
|
||
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of Intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ
|
ni+maṃsa+lohita+makkhitaṃ
|
nhāru+sambandhaṃ
|
A s f
|
A s m
|
|
a chain of bones
|
lacking flesh, blood smeared
|
tied by sinew
|
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of Intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ
|
apagata+maṃsa+lohitaṃ
|
nhāru+sambandhaṃ
|
A s f
|
A s n
|
A s m
|
chain of bones
|
stripped of flesh & blood
|
tied by sinew
|
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability,(of this) not exempt'
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability,(of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of Intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
aṭṭhikāni
|
apagata+sambandhāni
|
disā
|
vidisā
|
vikkhittāni,
|
A p n
|
A p m
|
A p f
|
A p f
|
pp A p n
|
bones
|
connection gone
|
directions
|
in between directions
|
scattered
|
bones, disconnected, scattered [to all] directions
|
||||
aññena 1
|
hattha+aṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
pādaṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
gopphakaṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
jaṅghaṭṭhikaṃ
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
(with)
here |
a bone of
a hand |
(with)
there |
a bone of
a foot |
(with)
here |
an ankle
|
(with)
there |
a shin bone
|
aññena
|
ūruṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
kaṭiṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
phāsukaṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṃ
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
(with)
here |
a thigh bone
|
(with)
there |
a hip bone
|
(with)
here |
a rib bone
|
(with)
there |
a spine
|
aññena
|
khandhaṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
gīvaṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
hanukaṭṭhikaṃ
|
aññena
|
dantaṭṭhikaṃ
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
(with)
here |
a shoulder bone
|
(with)
there |
a bone of
the neck |
(with)
here |
a jaw bone
|
(with)
there |
a tooth
|
aññena
|
sīsakaṭāhaṃ.
|
I s m
|
A s n
|
(with)
here |
a skull
|
Note: There are many variations of this list given in the various editions.
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of Intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
aṭṭhikāni
|
setāni
|
saṅkha+vaṇṇa+paṭibhāgāni
|
A p n
|
A p n
|
A p n
|
bones
|
white
|
shells colour resembling
|
bones, white, resembling the colour of shells
|
||
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of Intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
aṭṭhikāni
|
puñjakitāni
|
terovassikāni
|
A p n
|
A p n
|
A p n
|
bones
|
dusty heap
|
over a year old
|
bones, piled in a dusty heap, over a year old
|
||
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
Repeat of Intro:
Furthermore, O monks, just as though, a monk may see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground...
aṭṭhikāni
|
pūtīni
|
cuṇṇakajātāni
|
A p n
|
A p n
|
A p n
|
bones
|
rotten
|
reduced to power
|
bones, rotted down to powder
|
||
Repeat of conclusion:
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
He focuses on this very body, 'indeed, even this body (has) just such a nature, just such an inevitability, (of this) not exempt'
Repeat of Refrain
End of section on the Body
Vedana & Citta sections of satipatthana sutta to be continued in the next post...
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